This list of indicators could be continued. Seen as a whole, it provides plaus-
ible reasons for classifying Egypt as ‘a country in transition’ with an emerging
economy, like many other countries of what was formerly called the ‘Third
World’. The achievements mentioned can be considered important steps to-
wards building a modern state. However, they have been brought about partly
by importing Western concepts and technologies into a pre-modern society,
and are a result of two centuries of developmental strife, which began with the
reign of Mohammed Ali (1805–48). He cherished the ambition of developing
Egypt, so as to enable it to take its place as a major world power following
French ideals, and he ultimately challenged the Ottoman Empire.
ible reasons for classifying Egypt as ‘a country in transition’ with an emerging
economy, like many other countries of what was formerly called the ‘Third
World’. The achievements mentioned can be considered important steps to-
wards building a modern state. However, they have been brought about partly
by importing Western concepts and technologies into a pre-modern society,
and are a result of two centuries of developmental strife, which began with the
reign of Mohammed Ali (1805–48). He cherished the ambition of developing
Egypt, so as to enable it to take its place as a major world power following
French ideals, and he ultimately challenged the Ottoman Empire.
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