The New Kingdom
The tranquility of the Old Kingdom was followed by civil
conflict, droughts, and perhaps even famine during the First
Intermediate period. But order was restored during the Mid-
dle Kingdom, when many of Egypt’s accomplishments were
focused on Middle Egypt, or the central part of the Nile Val-
ley between modern Minya and Asyut. Disorder followed in
the Second Intermediate period as Egypt was invaded by the
Hyksos, people from what is now Syria. The first pharaoh of
the New Kingdom expelled these foreigners and prosperity
returned to Egypt. Its rulers eventually were able to build an
empire that extended as far east as Iraq. Foreign lands ruled by
Egypt had to pay the Egyptians tribute, which is a kind of tax
in the form of foods, minerals, and other commodities. Much
of the wealth was funneled into the hands of a class of priests
who, along with the pharaoh, effectively controlled the empire
from the Upper Egyptian city of Thebes (modern Luxor).
The tranquility of the Old Kingdom was followed by civil
conflict, droughts, and perhaps even famine during the First
Intermediate period. But order was restored during the Mid-
dle Kingdom, when many of Egypt’s accomplishments were
focused on Middle Egypt, or the central part of the Nile Val-
ley between modern Minya and Asyut. Disorder followed in
the Second Intermediate period as Egypt was invaded by the
Hyksos, people from what is now Syria. The first pharaoh of
the New Kingdom expelled these foreigners and prosperity
returned to Egypt. Its rulers eventually were able to build an
empire that extended as far east as Iraq. Foreign lands ruled by
Egypt had to pay the Egyptians tribute, which is a kind of tax
in the form of foods, minerals, and other commodities. Much
of the wealth was funneled into the hands of a class of priests
who, along with the pharaoh, effectively controlled the empire
from the Upper Egyptian city of Thebes (modern Luxor).
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