included the sun-god Ra and the pharaoh, and these two were
often merged into a single supreme deity. During the peaceful,
prosperous days of the Old Kingdom, Egypt’s peasant farmers
worked the land from the end of the flood season in Octo-
ber until the April harvest. A great many of them spent the
other half of the year working in giant public works projects,
including not only canals, but also monuments such as the
pyramids. Contrary to many widely held theories, the funda-
mental purpose of the pyramid was to serve as the pharaoh’s
tomb. Nearby were the much smaller tombs, called mastabas,
The Great Sphinx of Giza was built in the third millennium b.c., during the
Old Kingdom. Located on the west bank of the Nile River, near present-
day Cairo, the 240-foot-long, 66-foot-high statue is made of limestone
and has the facial features of a man and the body of a lion.
often merged into a single supreme deity. During the peaceful,
prosperous days of the Old Kingdom, Egypt’s peasant farmers
worked the land from the end of the flood season in Octo-
ber until the April harvest. A great many of them spent the
other half of the year working in giant public works projects,
including not only canals, but also monuments such as the
pyramids. Contrary to many widely held theories, the funda-
mental purpose of the pyramid was to serve as the pharaoh’s
tomb. Nearby were the much smaller tombs, called mastabas,
The Great Sphinx of Giza was built in the third millennium b.c., during the
Old Kingdom. Located on the west bank of the Nile River, near present-
day Cairo, the 240-foot-long, 66-foot-high statue is made of limestone
and has the facial features of a man and the body of a lion.
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