Genesis of the lower Nile course
After Said (1993) the geological evolution of the Nile in Egypt and the
formation of the river’s various valleys over time can be described in short
as follows.
During the Tertiary there were several marine transgressions which caused
the northern parts of Egypt to be covered by oceans. During these times the
sandstone and limestone deposits of the Muqattam Hills and today’s steep rims
of the Nile valley were formed. When during the Pliocene and the Miocene
the ocean gradually receded to the north, and simultaneously the land was
uplifted, Egypt’s drainage systems were created, principally directed from the
Red Sea Mountains in the south-east to the north-west. The corresponding
rivers caused the formation of huge deltas, today the area between El-Faiyum
and the Qattara Depression.
After Said (1993) the geological evolution of the Nile in Egypt and the
formation of the river’s various valleys over time can be described in short
as follows.
During the Tertiary there were several marine transgressions which caused
the northern parts of Egypt to be covered by oceans. During these times the
sandstone and limestone deposits of the Muqattam Hills and today’s steep rims
of the Nile valley were formed. When during the Pliocene and the Miocene
the ocean gradually receded to the north, and simultaneously the land was
uplifted, Egypt’s drainage systems were created, principally directed from the
Red Sea Mountains in the south-east to the north-west. The corresponding
rivers caused the formation of huge deltas, today the area between El-Faiyum
and the Qattara Depression.
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