gypt had one of the world’s earliest civilizations, a way of life
centered on cities. Archaeologists are still in the process of
learning exactly how and why Egyptians made the transition
from being nomadic hunters and gatherers to simple farmers and
then culturally diverse inhabitants of cities. It is certain that the pro-
ductivity of early agriculture along the Nile played an important role
in this transformation. Increasing output of food crops allowed more
people to be fed. Then a growing population was able to find new
ways to make agriculture more productive. Social scientists believe
that there was also a relationship between agriculture and politics
in ancient Egypt. A stratified, ranked society developed under the
leadership of strong regional authorities. These leaders determined
how and where irrigation canals should be dug, what crops should be
planted, and how harvested crops should be distributed.
centered on cities. Archaeologists are still in the process of
learning exactly how and why Egyptians made the transition
from being nomadic hunters and gatherers to simple farmers and
then culturally diverse inhabitants of cities. It is certain that the pro-
ductivity of early agriculture along the Nile played an important role
in this transformation. Increasing output of food crops allowed more
people to be fed. Then a growing population was able to find new
ways to make agriculture more productive. Social scientists believe
that there was also a relationship between agriculture and politics
in ancient Egypt. A stratified, ranked society developed under the
leadership of strong regional authorities. These leaders determined
how and where irrigation canals should be dug, what crops should be
planted, and how harvested crops should be distributed.
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